You can cat /proc/partitions to find out all the partitions linux is knowing about at the moment. Then, you can stick the numbered ones in front of "/dev/" and mount them someplace.
cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 976762584 sda
8 1 314584798 sda1
8 2 312480315 sda2
8 3 347734957 sda3
8 4 1959930 sda4
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