Download packages without installing them is the "--downloadonly" Yum switch. You can use "rpm -qp --qf="%{name} %{vendor}\n /path/to/package.rpm" to show you which repo it belongs to. Yum will AFAIK not show the exact URI a file was downloaded from, wouldn't make any sense for Yum (also: "fastestmirror" plugin) or RPM to store that kind of information anyway, but proxying Yum requests may help capture the exact URI.
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