The first step is to make sure the Vista machine has File and Printer Sharing turned on and that the printer is configured as being a "Shared" printer. You may also need to change settings on any firewall in use on the Vista box. Then try to get basic Samba client services working on your Linux system.
http://julien.herbin.ecranbleu.org/samba_client_howto/
This how-to was written around a Debian system, so should work well for your Ubuntu system. Once you get a basic connection established, then you can focus on getting a printer working.
The basic tool for connecting to Windows networks and computers is Samba and the basic tool for printing in Linux is CUPS. You'll need to wade through both to get the printer connected and working.