well, in linux a C++ compiler is installed by default: G++
You can edit your source files with any text editor you want (I prefer those with syntax highlighting like kate or nedit), then from command line you only need to type
g++ source.cpp -o binary.name
this will compile and link your source file (source.cpp), giving to the resulting binary the name "binary.name" (you can choose any name you want).
For further informations (and there are many...) type "man g++" and/or google a little bit around
Ah, to launch you binary you need to type "./binary.name" and voilà!
good luck