If your computer is booting off the CD, then Windows Vista couldn't possibly have anything to do with the problem. At the point when the CD is booted, your HD has not even been touched. Your computers BIOS, which isn't effected by
any OS you install, is the only thing activated before your computer boots off CD (assuming the BIOS tries to boot off a CD first).
I'm not familiar with the Centos installer (which may mean I shouldn't have posted in this thread), but if you haven't had the opportunity to choose how the CD boots (such as "safe graphics mode", etc.), the you have one of two problems:
1. The CD iso is corrupt (which is what you hope for since you can always re-download the CD), or
2. There is a fundamental hardware incompatability between Centos and your box
I had the second problem when trying to install FreeBSD on my laptop; it just didn't support my hardware, thus I could not install it using the default CD. If this is the case with your problem, there is no way you will be able to install Centos without breaking down the iso and changing some hardware stuff, then repackaging the iso (not something you want to try to do). So, if there is some other option like a failsafe option (or anything else with "safe" in the name) that you can choose, then try that. Next I would try downloading the iso again (you can download it from LQ
here). If that doesn't work, then you may just have to choose a different distribution.
Looking at your computer specs you gave, I don't see any serious hardware incompatabilities that would Centos from running correctly. So, this may not be the problem. What kind of motherboard do you have?
Good Luck,
~Justin