Code:
# grep FS /usr/src/linux/.config | grep -v "#"
...will give you a rough idea. There will be a few false positives.
Code:
# cat /proc/filesystems
...will do roughly the same, except it will not show you filesystems which you have support for as unloaded modules.
Code:
# ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/fs/
...is probably the best.