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The command you ran changed root's default login shell from /bin/bash to / . This leads to an authentication failure despite entering the proper password because / isn't executable (or even a valid shell for that matter). Try booting the system with the install disk and go into rescue mode. Then change root's login shell back to /bin/bash using:
chmod -s /bin/bash root
As a side note, be extremely carefull when using the root account and especially when modifying its settings.
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