ls -l shows. Read write access of file .
How do i calculate access code in digits. By looking at ls -l?

Could you tells us what you are tring to do?
What's this accsess code thing?

4 = read (r)
2 = write (w)
1 = execute (x)
0 = no permission (-)


rwxrw-r--

rwx = 4+2+1 = 7
rw- = 4+2 = 6
r-- = 4

rwxrw-r-- can also be written in octal as 764

eg. when you change file permission you can use

chmod ug+rw <some_file> or chmod 660 <some_file> as result you get rw-rw----

Ohh the stuff used with chmod (sorry I use numbers not the letters and call them Ids not accsess code).
That kind of stuff is found in the filesystem not the file so it might be hard...
I don't know... There might be an option in chmod or file but otherwise I think it might be filesystem specific...
I'm sorry this is not my best area of knowledge
Edit: ln -l -v would make it verbose and spit out everything, try that (if -v ends up being version try --verbose)

There is no space in rwxrx.
So this should have been 4+2+1+4+2=13.
is not it?
Could you please recheck your maths.Please note there is no gap.

There's nothing wrong with the math. You can make the change by EITHER using numbers OR by using letters NOT by mixing them. In the example posted earlier:

the ug would be the user/group and the + would add the rw (read/write) permissions for the user/group. That can also be written as: chmod 660. Using numbers in place of letters is usually easier faster. Using either of these specific commands would show the output below with the ls -l command:

The post above by yoK0 explains what each option means. If you don't understand, there are numerous sites explaining it in excruciating detail or you could search the LQ forums.

chmod's permission settings written numerically make use of binary. What yok0 told you wasn't wrong, but your interpretation of it is incorrect. Here are a few guidelines to help:
Here's an example:
1110
2^0 is off, 2^1 is on, 2^2 is on and 2^3 is on. Therefore 0 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 14.

Now let's see how chmod looks at this:
rwx
111

Now we know that rwx = 7. Of course there's 3 parts to Unix permissions: owner, group and other. Let's do some more math (I really love math): We want chmod to set these settings:
rwx|r-x|rw-
111|101|110

The pipes are to help you identify the splits. Starting from the left:
Other:
Group:
Owner:
So if I wanted the settings above I would use: chmod 756

If that doesn't help, refer to yancek's post.

Edit 1: Please also note, that the numerical method will completely reset the settings and use the ones you specify. The other adds or removes settings as they're currently set. So using yancek's post as an example:

chmod 660 sets rw-rw---- BUT chmod ug+rw ADDS read-write access to the user+group, so if I used:

chmod 110, the user and groups that have access to that file are only able to execute it (2^0 is on). If I use "chmod ug+rw" on that file, I get read-write access too so instead of being:

--x--x--- it changes to rwxrwx---.

Edit 2: Organized the post a bit more.

You do not add all the numbers. There are three groups
user/owner ||| group ||| others
rwx ||| rw- ||| r--

When you're using numbers to express permissions each number represents each group of permissions.

So,
rwx ||| rw- ||| r--
4+2+1 ||| 4+2 ||| 4
7 ||| 6 ||| 4
You add only numbers from each group and not all of them.

Thats nice. I understand this now.

Could you please why you said r = 4 , w =2 , x=1

How do You arrive read r =4 and write w =2 and execute x =1 . Where from you get this numbers ? whats the logic here ?

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questi...1/#post4651875

Mathematics and an understanding of binary.

OK. Thanks

What is command to check whether a user is a owner / other / group user ?

Suppose I know a userid "john". Is it possible to know whether this userid is a owner / other / group user ?

How do you find this ?

I don't understand how you've been with LQ.org for 7 years and didn't learn binary at least in that time, but I'll help. As previously stated in my post already, binary only consists of two numbers: 0 and 1. Bicycles only consist of two wheels. So bi means two. With those two numbers, 0 is off and 1 is on. So let me ask the question this way:

Do you want to set the "readable (by owner)" switch to on?
Do you want to set the "writable (by owner)" switch to on?
Do you want to set the "executable (by owner)" switch to on?

Do you want to set the "readable (by group)" switch to on?
Do you want to set the "writable (by group)" switch to on?
Do you want to set the "executable (by group)" switch to on?

Do you want to set the "readable (by others)" switch to on?
Do you want to set the "writable (by others)" switch to on?
Do you want to set the "executable (by others)" switch to on?

1 for yes, 0 for no. And as many people here have pointed out already -- these options are separated into 3 groups so instead of having to do chmod 128 or some other crazy power of two, you only need to type 7 for all permissions.

Notice that yak0's numbers for r=4, w=2 and x=1 can all be solutions to 2^n. If you need help finding out what n equals, just use logarithms.

So, to test what would be 101101 in binary?

You can use the find command to locate files owned by a particular user.
find <dir> -user <username>

The user of a particular file can be extracted from its "ls -l" line. You can also use "stat -c "%U" <filename>"

No. I want just the opposite. I know a file name. I want to know who is its owner. Is it not possible to find out ?

because a owner only can change file permission ...right ?

Please don't just read a part of our posts: