The fact that your computer produces an error message "unable to create /tmp/.tX0-lock" suggests that
you may have a 100% full partition. It is possible that Konqueror has filled entirely your partition or inode table when crashing. I don't have any experience with Mint, so I can only offer you some general ideas.
You might be able to enter at the boot prompt a runlevel lower than the one at which the X-Window system is
started (say 'linux single' that will give you a root shell) and check the disk occupation with 'df' and if
indeed your partition is full erase the files created by Konqueror by 'rm /tmp/*'.
If you can't enter a runlevel at boot time, your installation CD/DVD might be a 'Live' distribution that will
allow you to boot the computer by selecting in the BIOS booting from optical media. Using that live distribution, you may have access to a working X-Window system and use Caja to examine the occupation of the
partitions and clean the /tmp directory.
However, you may have a more serious problem of disk corruption with the shutdown that you did after Konqueror froze. If that is the case, you will need to use 'fsck' to try to repair your partitions. Here, you will need to know the type of filesystem you are using (ext4,btrfs,reiserfs,...) to know which fsck command you need.
Another problem could be that you were running Konqueror as root instead of a regular user, in which case
it may have damaged some important configuration files under /etc.
In the last two cases, since you are a beginner, you may prefer to reinstall your system. Do you have backups of your data ? If not, you should first install on Windows 7 a program
such as theseto allow you to access
the (I assume you are using ext3 or ext4) linux partitions. Then, you should use that program to copy
the files and directories under /home (maybe ...\HOME under Windows 7) on an external USB drive.
Once you have done that, you should reinstall. Personnally, I would recommend you to avoid reinstalling
Mint 16 and use instead
CentOS,
Scientific Linux or
Springdale. They are all very reliable (Scientific Linux is used at CERN and Fermilab)
and use GNOME2 as their windowing environment. Since the Scientific Linux installer will erase any previous Linux partitions that you have, it is important to do the backups first.