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"chown -R" does recursive ownship change as you noted.
"us" is the user name that will own the files after the chown.
"~" is a short cut meaning your home directory (~username would be someone else's home directory)
"/" is a path separator.
".base" is a hidden file or directory (all hidden files start with ".") - since you're doing a recursive chown it is likely a directory as there is no reason to do recursive on a single file.
You have to put the "/" between "~" and ".base" so it will know you mean something within your home directory. Without the "/" (i.e. ~.base) it would think you meant the home directory of the user named ".base" which doesn't exist.
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