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What exactly do you want to rescue, files or a malfunctioning Linux installation?
Photorec is probably the best for rescuing accidentally-deleted files or files from a dodgy hard drive.
For repairing a botched or malfunctioning install, pretty much any LiveCD can be used, though your distro install disk, if it has a live mode, is usually a good choice. And then there's Knoppix.
I used to recommend Trinity Rescue Kit for Windows, but it doesn't work well with UEFI and its maintainer has had trouble finding time to update it. However, according to the website, he has a new beta as of last fall.
Distribution: Currently: OpenMandriva. Previously: openSUSE, PCLinuxOS, CentOS, among others over the years.
Posts: 3,881
Rep:
While I'm not sure exactly what you mean by "what is the best rescue disk?", the systemrescuecd might be of use to you; see: https://www.system-rescue-cd.org/
Assuming you want to boot up and mess with files on a system in general with no hindrances at all I find Knoppix the best. It pays to get hold of it's cheat sheet as well as there are a lot of boot options but it does try to work with any hardware it finds and often does.
Once up there is an option to allow files to be moved around or edited etc from it's desktop. This allows things to be rescued to a plug in disk of some sort or moved to a safe place for a reinstall etc or the parent system's setting to be changed. Or it's console can be used.
Last time I used it the default language was german and no uk english but I can cope with usa keyboard via a uk one. The language was a boot option obtained from the cheat sheet. This may have changed now.
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