the -v option is commonly used to request verbose output so better use -d or -D for debug. Assuming you want verbose and your script does not take any other arguments then very simply:
Code:
if [[ $1 = -v ]]; then
verbose=true
fi
...
# Wherever you want extra output:
if [[ $verbose = true ]]; then
echo <whatever you want>
fi
That will work and is simple; there are several ways it could be refined.
If your script takes other options with or without arguments the the bash builtin command getopts is intended for parsing them. Here's a
getopts tutorial.