First of all, that file you have is just a patch, not the full kernel source. The kernel source should be named linux-2.6.22.tar.gz (or tar.bz2). After you get that downloaded (the compressed kernel source is between 40 and 60 MB currently), you would then extract it and begin the process of compiling and installing it.
You could also get the source from RPMs, which seems to be what you have been reading about. In that case, you are talking about modified kernel sources, and not the vanilla versions that you find on kernel.org. That may or may not be a problem for you.
As for a guide, I found the following document which provides a guide on
compiling the kernel Fedora style and doing it
the traditional way.