So I could install a graphics driver, I disabled the X Server and restarted into the console. However, when I tried to login, both as my account and as root, the console constantly said I was inputting the wrong password. I double checked, and the password was right for both users. Is there any way short of reinstalling that I can fix this problem of not being able to login?

Have you tried logging into the system in single user mode (by default called recovery mode in the GRUB menu)? (If you don't see a GRUB menu, by default you are given two or three seconds to hit escape at powerup to bring up the menu. Once you see the splash screen with the progress bar you are too late.) Normally, after doing its initial boot stuff it will ask you for root's password (if you have defined a password for root). After supplying the password, you should be put in single user mode which runs with root privileges. I don't know if this will work with the difficulties you are having, but I recommend giving it a try.

Also, what steps did you take to disable X?