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Old 12-08-2012, 04:22 AM   #1
kikinovak
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Registered: Jun 2011
Location: Montpezat (South France)
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Bind on local network: can't do short hostname and reverse lookups


Hi,

On my local network I have a Slackware 14.0 server running with Bind configured as a primary master for the bogus domain "microlinux.montpezat". Here's my configuration.


Code:
// /etc/named.conf
options {
        directory "/var/named";
        query-source address * port 53;
  forwarders {
    195.5.209.150;
    194.79.128.150;
  };
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.root";
};

zone "localhost" IN {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.local";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "microlinux.montpezat" {
  type master;
  file "/var/named/zone.microlinux.montpezat";
};

zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { 
  type master; 
  file "/var/named/revp.192.168.2"; 
};
The zone file for "microlinux.montpezat":

Code:
; zone.microlinux.montpezat
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN microlinux.montpezat.
@ IN SOA nestor.microlinux.montpezat. hostmaster.microlinux.montpezat. (
    2012080300 ; serial 
    3H         ; refresh
    15M        ; retry
    1W         ; expiry
    1D )       ; minimum
  IN NS  nestor.microlinux.montpezat.
nestor         IN A 192.168.2.1
alphamule      IN A 192.168.2.2
bernadette     IN A 192.168.2.3
raymonde       IN A 192.168.2.4
betadine       IN A  192.168.2.5
buzz           IN A  192.168.2.6
bebette        IN A  192.168.2.7
jukebox        IN A  192.168.2.8

mirror.nestor            IN A 192.168.2.1
dan-services.nestor      IN A 192.168.2.1
dolibarr.nestor          IN A 192.168.2.1
kikinovak.nestor         IN A 192.168.2.1
microlinux.nestor        IN A 192.168.2.1
oldmicrolinux.nestor     IN A 192.168.2.1
oldscholae.nestor        IN A 192.168.2.1
osteo-montpellier.nestor IN A 192.168.2.1
osteo-sommieres.nestor   IN A 192.168.2.1
phpinfo.nestor           IN A 192.168.2.1
radionovak.nestor        IN A 192.168.2.1
scholae.nestor           IN A 192.168.2.1
villa-figaret.nestor     IN A 192.168.2.1
xhtml.nestor             IN A 192.168.2.1
And the reverse zone file:

Code:
; revp.192.168.2 
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN 2.168.192.IN_ADDR.ARPA.
@ IN SOA nestor.microlinux.montpezat. hostmaster.microlinux.montpezat. (
    2012080300 ; serial
    3H         ; refresh 
    15M        ; retry 
    1W         ; expiry 
    1D )       ; minimum 
    IN  NS  nestor.microlinux.montpezat.
1   IN  PTR nestor.microlinux.montpezat.
2   IN  PTR alphamule.microlinux.montpezat.
3   IN  PTR bernadette.microlinux.montpezat.
4   IN  PTR raymonde.microlinux.montpezat.
5   IN  PTR betadine.microlinux.montpezat.
6   IN  PTR buzz.microlinux.montpezat.
7   IN  PTR bebette.microlinux.montpezat.
8   IN  PTR jukebox.microlinux.montpezat.
Now this configuration works OK, in that hosts can ping each other by hostnames OK, but two things are bugging me here.

When using dig on a local hostname, I can't seem to use the short hostname without the FQDN part to get an answer. I don't know if this behavior is normal.

This works:
Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ dig raymonde.microlinux.montpezat +short
192.168.2.4
This doesn't work:

Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ dig raymonde +short
The second thing that's bugging me is that reverse lookups don't work at all. I expect the following command to return the hostname (raymonde), but there's nothing:

Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ dig -x 192.168.2.4

; <<>> DiG 9.9.1-P4 <<>> -x 192.168.2.4
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 31737
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;4.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa.	IN	PTR

;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.2.1#53(192.168.2.1)
;; WHEN: Sat Dec  8 11:18:34 2012
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 53
Any idea what's wrong here?

Cheers,

Niki
 
Old 12-08-2012, 06:21 AM   #2
kikinovak
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Registered: Jun 2011
Location: Montpezat (South France)
Distribution: CentOS, OpenSUSE
Posts: 3,453

Original Poster
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After much more googling and debugging and experimenting, I got a little further, and it looks like it's almost perfectly working. A few little questions remain though. But first things first.

The server is running DHCP and DNS, so here's what /etc/dhcpd.conf looks like (I shortened the listings down to one server and three clients:

Code:
# /etc/dhcpd.conf
authoritative;
default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 86400;
option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option routers 192.168.2.254;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
option domain-name "microlinux.montpezat";
option domain-search "microlinux.montpezat";

subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.200;
}

host alphamule {
        hardware ethernet 00:1D:92:B2:F3:9E;
        fixed-address 192.168.2.2;
        option host-name "alphamule";
}

host bernadette {
        hardware ethernet 00:1D:09:15:4A:D8;
        fixed-address 192.168.2.3;
        option host-name "bernadette";
}

host raymonde {
        hardware ethernet 00:1E:C9:43:A7:BF;
        fixed-address 192.168.2.4;
        option host-name "raymonde";
}
I added the domain-search option, so now a client's /etc/resolv.conf looks like this:

Code:
# Generated by dhcpcd from eth0
# /etc/resolv.conf.head can replace this line
domain microlinux.montpezat
search microlinux.montpezat
nameserver 192.168.2.1
# /etc/resolv.conf.tail can replace this line
No changes were made to /etc/named.conf.

The zone file for the "microlinux.montpezat" zone looks like this:

Code:
; zone.microlinux.montpezat
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN microlinux.montpezat.
@ IN SOA nestor.microlinux.montpezat. hostmaster.microlinux.montpezat. (
    2012120805 ; serial 
    3H         ; refresh
    15M        ; retry
    1W         ; expiry
    1D )       ; minimum
                         IN NS nestor.microlinux.montpezat.
nestor                   IN A 192.168.2.1
alphamule                IN A 192.168.2.2
bernadette               IN A 192.168.2.3
raymonde                 IN A 192.168.2.4
And here's the reverse zone file:

Code:
; revp.192.168.2 
$ORIGIN 2.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA nestor.microlinux.montpezat. hostmaster.microlinux.montpezat. (
    2012120805 ; serial
    3H         ; refresh 
    15M        ; retry 
    1W         ; expiry 
    1D )       ; minimum 
    IN NS  nestor.microlinux.montpezat.
1   IN PTR nestor.microlinux.montpezat.
2   IN PTR alphamule.microlinux.montpezat.
3   IN PTR bernadette.microlinux.montpezat.
4   IN PTR raymonde.microlinux.montpezat.
Now I can do the following from any machine on the network.

Query a hosts' IP address using nslookup:

Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ nslookup raymonde
Server:		192.168.2.1
Address:	192.168.2.1#53

Name:	raymonde.microlinux.montpezat
Address: 192.168.2.4
Query an IP address to know the hostname using nslookup:
Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ nslookup 192.168.2.4
Server:		192.168.2.1
Address:	192.168.2.1#53

4.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = raymonde.microlinux.montpezat.
Query an IP address using dig, but only with the FQDN:

Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ dig raymonde.microlinux.montpezat +short
192.168.2.4
Here's what still doesn't work, and I don't know why:

Code:
[kikinovak@alphamule:~] $ dig raymonde

; <<>> DiG 9.9.1-P4 <<>> raymonde
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 27327
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;raymonde.			IN	A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.			3143	IN	SOA	a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2012120800 1800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 3 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.2.1#53(192.168.2.1)
;; WHEN: Sat Dec  8 13:19:06 2012
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 112
Maybe this behavior is normal, after all.

Any suggestions? Anyone spotted some misconfiguration somewhere?
 
Old 12-08-2012, 06:46 AM   #3
wildwizard
Member
 
Registered: Apr 2009
Location: Oz
Distribution: slackware64-14.0
Posts: 875

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Normal operation of dig.

A hint, the question section shows the lookup of :-

raymonde.

note the trailing dot, this dot means that there is nothing else to the right of the name been searched.

dig is different to the old nslookup tool in that it designed specifically as a tool to query name servers therefore your domain name search string is not used as it is assumed that you have given the entire search string on the command line.
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 12-08-2012, 06:54 AM   #4
kikinovak
MLED Founder
 
Registered: Jun 2011
Location: Montpezat (South France)
Distribution: CentOS, OpenSUSE
Posts: 3,453

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154Reputation: 2154
Thanks very much for the clarification!
 
  


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