That's because, pretty much, there AREN'T any.
The idea is "separation of concerns".
The "kernel" handles low-level things (like managing processes, and coordinating device I/O). It's up to higher-level programs and libraries to handle higher-level things (like drawing "lines", "arcs", "polygons" or still higher-level things like "windows" and "scrollbars").
This is a Good Thing.
Soooooooooooo -
Are you interested in the mechanics of driving a "graphics device"? In that case, you might be interested in things like:
1)
framebuffer code (in the Linux kernel)
2)
video drivers (in the X windows code)
Otherwise, if you're interested in actually "doing graphics", I'd encourage you to look at one of these API's (just a few examples among many):
1)
SDL
2)
OpenGL
3)
GTK+/Cairo
4) Etc. etc [substitute your favorite API for your favorite language/application here
]