I don't have a scponly installation on hand to test this out with, but here's some thoughts...
Code:
> mkdir fun-test
> chmod 300 fun-test/
> touch fun-test/GOT-IN
> ls fun-test/
ls: : Permission denied
> ls -l fun-test/
total 0
ls: : Permission denied
> echo 'boo' > fun-test/GOT-IN
> cat fun-test/GOT-IN
boo
So, w + x permissions for the user on the directory sort of satisfy what you're looking for. Unfortunately if a user knew a file name I suspect he could still download it (since in this contrived test above, the
cat worked).
I don't know of any ssh facility that would get you the behavior you're looking for. (But if I were sufficiently motivated, that's where I'd begin -- reading OpenSSH documentation.)