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The first program to be started is init, which in turn reads /etc/inittab.
inittab is not a script but rather a table; it lists the scripts to be run in order to start the boot process. This is a good place to start looking.
Usually, you will first run a script called boot (usually in /etc/rc.d or /etc/init.d), which sets up important things and then calls boot.local (in the same directory) where you can put anything you want to start right when the computer starts.
It then brings up all of the various services that you need for the runlevel you're using (things like networking, web/email servers, proxies, firewalls, etc.).
It then calls rc.sysinit (again, usually in /etc/rc.d or /etc/init.d), to set up important system things that need to be run after services have been started. This in turn calls rc.local, where you can put things you want to run just after booting.
That said, it's not all carved in stone. Your best bet is probably to open /etc/inittab and trace the boot process from there.
Hope that helps,
— Robert J. Lee
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