Well, the way the files "truly are" is one of two forms: stored charge (RAM), or magnetic fields (disk drive). So, you are going to need something like a sensitive voltmeter or magnetometer.........
Since demand is not high, I don't think any of the standard utilities have a binary option---thus you may need to write your own. Start with something like OD, and then set up a "case" construct to print out the binary code based on the octal output.