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Linux audio is a different mindset than Windows audio. In Windows, it is "one app to rule them all" (e.g. cakewalk, Logic, etc). In Linux, it is each app does one thing well. As a result, there isn't really one 'drop in' program that will completely replace what one would use in Windows. You will use several programs together to do the same result.
Sequencers:
MusE Rosegarden
Multi-track Digital Audio:
Ardour
Audio Editor (ala Soundforge):
audacity. Incidently, this one is available for windows if you want to try it out first.
Your soundcard is well supported:
http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc...1.1.1.1#matrix
I do not have any personal experience using vst instruments/plugins in linux, but here are some projects that appear to make them usable:
vst on linux
FST
DSSI
I would recommend that you subcribe to the Linux Audio Users mailing list
(link here)
As far as linux distributions, they're all good, here are some that are geared toward multimedia production
Fedora Core with
planet ccrma
demudi
Ubuntu also has a wiki for setting up a multimedia studio:
ubuntustudio.com