Reboot into single/rescue/emergency mode, just enter a root passwd. Length using md5 encryption is set in /etc/login.defs (pass_max_len), and using pam_cracklib.so in /etc/pam.d/{login,system-auth}, also look at /etc/login.access and /etc/security/access.conf for additional restrictions/limitations.
Btw answer to your 1st question is already provided on this board, use search next time please.
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