I hope you forgive me for saying this, but while I agree the *buntu's are aimed at the newbie; most of the distro's I've used over the years have been rpm based and while I agree with you that Fedora isn't the most stable choice (because it's a "bleeding edge" distro), I must say that I've never had this "RPM nightmare" you talk about.

CentOS for one is one of, if not the most stable distro I've ever used (not that I would recommend it to a newbie mind you). I've never had any problem with rpm packages on any distro, and in fact have seen more people have problems with deb packages than rpm packages.

So I don't understand why you say that.

Could you tell me if your dual boot installation is in UEFI mode ?

I have faced problems earlier when Win10 tried to install some updates and wrecked my system since it doesn't play well with non-UEFI setups.

Also, ubuntu is a pretty good distro if you are a novice. I'd suggest you to stick with it, or move to more polished (aesthetically) Linux Mint. But troubleshooting issues such as one you are experiencing, is part of the learning curve.

Corruption that results in that kind of screen generally does not happen by itself. A fault in the motherboard, the controller, or the storage device is always possible, but normally some practice such as the user removing power instead of shutting down properly is the cause. A file system that uses journals helps prevent the problem, but is not perfect protection against either hardware failure or bad practices.

If there is a hardware fault, or a practice that will cause storage corruption, then there is no distribution that will magically make you immune to the problem. To advise you we would need to know FAR more about what you are doing, how you do it, and about the results of running several kinds of diagnotic tests against several parts of your machine.

It is also possible, if unlikely, that there is something that Windows is doing to cause this issue when you run Windows. I would not suspect that, but I have seen stranger things from Microsoft and the applications written for Windows.

If I may ask, HOW are you running Win10 and Linux alongside each other? Are you using a dual boot configuration, or one of the kinds of virtualization?