SSH is a protocol for secure data communication (see
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell). It's main purpose is to provide encrypted data communication between client and server for otherwise unencrypted services. One of those is SFTP which allows file transfers between machines.
If you want to use this, you'll need a specific client software for your Windows PC and, depending on what you intend to do, you might have to fiddle around with the configuration on your Linux box as well. The client software for Windows will most likely cost you some money and the file transfer service will not be fully integrated into the Windows environment - you'll always have to use the client software for transferring files between Linux and your local Windows hard drive. For these reasons I'd strongly recommend to use samba on the Linux machine. This is far more flexible and you'll have a seamless integration into Windows, where a mapped network drive shows up like another local hard drive allowing each and every Windows application to access it transparently.
As mentioned by Dark Helmet already, it shouldn't be too hard to set up a working samba server. If you don't need any sophisticated stuff and if the username on your Windows PC is the same as your normal user name on the Linux box, it should be sufficient to login as root on your Linux box, then do:
#> apt-get install samba (you'll be asked for your workgroup name. Use same as the one of your PC, which can be found under system settings->system some lines below 'computer name')
#> smbpasswd -a <your user name> (Give yourself a password. This doesn't need to be the same as for the Linux user)
On your Windows PC, open the Windows Explorer, click on 'map network drive' and choose a drive letter you want to use. Click on 'Search' near the 'Folder' edit field (might take a while until you see something there), choose your Linux machine and the folder with your user name, click OK and then 'Finish'. Provide the password you entered above when you are asked for that.
