mysqldump is a backup program, but it can only backup data that is there.
If you've already deleted the table contents, then its gone....
I think there's a SQL session cmd you can set so that its always possible to use the rollback cmd if you stay inside the same session (for data only).
If you drop a table, that can't be rolled back.
See
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0...rent-apis.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1...it-commit.html
for examples of 'set autocommit' on/off