They are octal numbers. If you consider a triplet of permissions
they correspond to 4, 2, 1 respectively:
If you sum these values you obtain uniquely identified permission sets. For example, you have:
Code:
rwx = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7
r-x = 4 + 0 + 1 = 5
rw- = 4 + 2 +0 = 6
The chmod command requires this sum for each of the three triplets so that 755 is the same as
Code:
rwxr-xr-x
421401401
7 5 5
Hope this helps.