I would try the explicit path to the sudo command, i.e., /usr/bin/sudo
If the command works, then try: echo $PATH
Your should see something like the following:
/bin/:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/bin
If you don't see anything, it's likely your $PATH variable isn't set, in which case you would want to edit your "/home/$username/.bash_profile" file and add something like the following:
PATH="/usr/bin":"/bin":"/usr/local/bin":`echo $PATH`
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