I have only one one ethernet card connected via a nowmal network cable to the network. I really cannot understand how it works myself, as I cannot detect other machines, but I know that they are there. This network connects over 1000 machines with an optical fibre 1 Gb line.
Windows by default uses the following protocols : Client For Microsoft Networks, File And Printer Sharing For Microsoft Networks and QoS packet sharing. And with these services it could connect to the server. When I added the Internet Protocol it could connect to the other server on the network which gave access to the internet. Both servers user FreeBSD(I can connect to both of them using telnet and login to my accont. Our support can say nothing, but to check if my ethernet card is working. The also don't know anything about Linux, so they can't help at all.
I tried running Samba and RPC on Linux, that didn't help, maybe I misconfigured them.
Windows uses some network DNS server to resolve the name of the server. You see in Windows I can type
ftp://ftp and I'm on the server, if I ping ftp, I get it's IP address. If I try that in Linux, it says unknown host, ping and traceroute don't work at all.
I hope that answers your question.