I had too many notifications on my main screen, so I went in and turned as many of them off as possible, excluding the message notifications.

Now, when I receive a text message, it only very briefly notifies me on the main screen. It doesn't stay there any longer. I have to "messages" app and then touch "start chat," then touch "New Conversation" to get to the screen where I can see if I have any new messages (marked as bold type).

How can I solve this problem? I want the most recent notifications to show up on my home screen, like when I first turn on my phone.

On a mobile phone screen, you want the detail of your most recent, nost important Notifications? Are we on the same Page at all here?

[This will probably go down like a lead balloon.]
Though not strictly necessary, I would seriously advise turning off the phone completely at the off switch for 24 hours straight, or 48 hours on a weekend. If your boss starts, tell him you lost it, or dropped it in water and are drying it out with white rice.

When you do that, you'll make the discovery that life goes on without you. The sky didn't fall in when you switched off. I get notifications e.g. "WhatsApp has messages" from WhatsApp & text messages. Email is neutered - I deal with that on the PC. I don't have an account with facebook, twitter, Instagram, Snapchat or anything of that social media. People hack that stuff, printing millions of names, addresses, passwords & credit card details and post them publicly online just to cut their teeth at hacking. I realize my stance doesn't suit everyone, and that's ok. But Real friends will talk to you, and listen to you.

I know of no way to get what you want, and no way to fit it on a mobile phone screen. But my advice is to get in charge of your devices, because I feel they're in charge of you. Decide what you want to stay current with, and enable only those Notifications. Check the others once a day.

I solved the problem by doing a factory resest.