I have used computers in some relatively hard environments specifically large airplanes. Some rugged laptops and some not so rugged. I don't remember having a larger number of hard drive failures as compared to earth bound computers although I never thought about how it would affect access times. I could believe an air horn might affect access times but not so sure about plain old shouting without seeing the actual test configuration.

You can check for missing file fragments in the lost+found directory.

Check out the linked video. Vibration during read operations just causes delayed access as the disk drive re-tries the read. That same vibration during a write can result in corrupt data on the disk.

Quite a few years ago I wanted to migrate data from some old tapes onto newer media. The tape drive, having sat unused for quite some time, had developed a flat spot on the pinch roller and vibrated quite a bit when running. It could read the tapes just fine, but I was getting huge numbers of error messages from the target disk drive that was mounted in the same housing. I had to remove the tape drive from the computer and set it on a foam rubber pad in order to complete the operation. (The tapes and drive were subsequently junked.)