The module and firmware needs to be loaded to use the hardware. This can happen AFTER you have booted into linux. With the aforementioned $(modprobe -r rtl8192ce) which removes the loaded module. And modprobe without -r to "load" the module, which loads the firmware $(modprobe rtl8192ce). Just be sure to create/add the firmware and maybe the module from other sources before the "load" action.
Assuming git tools, kernel headers (to build against), and internet access, plus build tools.
--- remove the driver from use ---
$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
$ sudo modprobe -r rtl8192ce
--- get a NEW driver and INSTALL ---
$ git clone
https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new shiny_new_driver
$ cd shiny_new_driver
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ cd ../
--- get the FIRMWARE and INSTALL ---
$ wget -c
http://http.us.debian.org/debian/poo...k_0.43_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i firmware-realtek_0.43_all.deb
--- use the driver ---
$ sudo modprobe rtl8192ce
$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
Note that wlan0 might not be the name of your device depending on your distro and hardware. And then use your favorite network-manager like method of connecting over wifi. With nmtui being a CLI option that is fairly simple. Note that the pre-internet git and wget options can be done on another machine and even another OS.
Or stop flogging yourself and get an ethernet option that just works.