I am currently trying to install a local printer on Kubuntu 5.04. I have added the printer using KDE print and everything went as intended. The problem is that nothing ever gets printed. I see the print job is scheduled but the printer does absolutely nothing. Here is an excerpt from the cups error log:

I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:02 -0500] Adding start banner page "none" to job 4.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:02 -0500] Adding end banner page "none" to job 4.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:02 -0500] Job 4 queued on 'Compaqlj1200' by 'nafpd'.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:02 -0500] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/pstops (PID 7
785) for job 4.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:02 -0500] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/foomatic-rip
(PID 7786) for job 4.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:02 -0500] Started backend /usr/lib/cups/backend/parallel (P
ID 7787) for job 4.
E [17/Sep/2005:15:23:03 -0500] [Job 4] Unable to open parallel port device file
"/dev/lp0": Permission denied
E [17/Sep/2005:15:23:03 -0500] PID 7787 stopped with status 1!
I [17/Sep/2005:15:23:03 -0500] Hint: Try setting the LogLevel to "debug" to find
out more.
E [17/Sep/2005:15:23:12 -0500] PID 7786 stopped with status 1!

I think the problem is related to the permissions on the parallel port but don't know how to fix it.

I'm a noob so I don't exactly know what information should be included in this post to help others help me figure this out. Can someone help a noob out?

Thanks

What happens when you go to http://localhost:631 select the printer and try to print a test page there.

Same result. No output to the printer. I checked the error log after trying to print the test page and here's the entry:

I [17/Sep/2005:15:47:25 -0500] Started "/usr/lib/cups/cgi-bin/printers.cgi" (pid
=7811)
I [17/Sep/2005:15:47:28 -0500] Started "/usr/lib/cups/cgi-bin/printers.cgi" (pid
=7812)
I [17/Sep/2005:15:47:30 -0500] Adding start banner page "none" to job 5.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:47:30 -0500] Adding end banner page "none" to job 5.
I [17/Sep/2005:15:47:30 -0500] Job 5 queued on 'Compaqlj1200' by ''.

Any ideas?

Post /etc/cups/ppd/(yourprintername).ppd
Also If you have no idea why your printer does not function, you might get a clue by looking at /var/log/cups/error_log. There may be a permission error, probably due to a wrong Allow setting in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.

Here's the .ppd file:

*PPD-Adobe: "4.3"
*%
*% For information on using this, and to obtain the required backend
*% script, consult http://www.linuxprinting.org/
*%
*% This file is published under the GNU General Public License
*%
*% PPD-O-MATIC (3.0.0 or newer) generated this PPD file. It is for use with
*% all programs and environments which use PPD files for dealing with
*% printer capability information. The printer must be configured with the
*% "foomatic-rip" backend filter script of Foomatic 3.0.0 or newer. This
*% file and "foomatic-rip" work together to support PPD-controlled printer
*% driver option access with arbitrary free software printer drivers and
*% printing spoolers.
*%
*% To save this file on your disk, wait until the download has completed
*% (the animation of the browser logo must stop) and then use the
*% "Save as..." command in the "File" menu of your browser or in the
*% pop-up manu when you click on this document with the right mouse button.
*% DO NOT cut and paste this file into an editor with your mouse. This can
*% introduce additional line breaks which lead to unexpected results.
*%
*% You may save this file as 'Compaq-IJ1200-drv_z42.ppd'
*%
*%
*FormatVersion: "4.3"
*FileVersion: "1.1"
*LanguageVersion: English
*LanguageEncoding: ISOLatin1
*PCFileName: "DRV_Z42.PPD"
*Manufacturer: "Compaq"
*Product: "(IJ1200)"
*cupsVersion: 1.0
*cupsManualCopies: True
*cupsModelNumber: 2
*cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 foomatic-rip"
*%pprRIP: foomatic-rip other
*ModelName: "Compaq IJ1200"
*ShortNickName: "Compaq IJ1200 drv_z42"
*NickName: "Compaq IJ1200 Foomatic/drv_z42 (recommended)"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 550"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 651"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 652"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 653"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 704"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 705"
*PSVersion: "(3010.000) 800"
*LanguageLevel: "3"
*ColorDevice: True
*DefaultColorSpace: RGB
*FileSystem: False
*Throughput: "1"
*LandscapeOrientation: Plus90
*TTRasterizer: Type42




*VariablePaperSize: False

*FoomaticIDs: Compaq-IJ1200 drv_z42
*FoomaticRIPCommandLine: "%Dgs -q -dBATCH -dPARANOIDSAFER -dQUIET -dNO&&
PAUSE -sDEVICE=bitcmyk -sPAPERSIZE=$size -r${hdpi}x600 %A%Z -sOutputFi&&
le=- - | z42_cmyk size=$size hdpi=$hdpi%B"
*End

*OpenGroup: General/General

*OpenUI *PrintoutMode/Printout Mode: PickOne
*FoomaticRIPOption PrintoutMode: enum Composite A
*OrderDependency: 10 AnySetup *PrintoutMode
*DefaultPrintoutMode: Normal
*PrintoutMode Draft/Draft: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PrintoutMode=Draft"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PrintoutMode=Draft: "Resolution=300x600dpi B&&
idirectional=Yes"
*End
*PrintoutMode Normal/Normal: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PrintoutMode=Normal"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PrintoutMode=Normal: "Resolution=600x600dpi &&
Bidirectional=No"
*End
*PrintoutMode High/High Quality: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PrintoutMode=High"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PrintoutMode=High: "Resolution=1200x600dpi B&&
idirectional=No"
*End
*CloseUI: *PrintoutMode

*OpenUI *PageSize/Page Size: PickOne
*FoomaticRIPOption PageSize: enum CmdLine D
*OrderDependency: 100 AnySetup *PageSize
*DefaultPageSize: Letter
*PageSize Letter/US Letter: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=Letter"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=Letter: "size=letter; "
*PageSize A4/A4: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=A4"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=A4: "size=a4; "
*PageSize A5/A5: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=A5"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=A5: "size=a5; "
*PageSize A6/A6: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=A6"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=A6: "size=a6; "
*PageSize C5/C5: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=C5"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=C5: "size=c5; "
*PageSize C6/C6: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=C6"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=C6: "size=c6; "
*PageSize FLSA/Foolscap A: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=FLSA"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=FLSA: "size=flsa; "
*PageSize FLSE/Foolscap E: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=FLSE"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=FLSE: "size=flse; "
*PageSize HalfLetter/Half Letter: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=HalfLetter"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=HalfLetter: "size=halfletter; "
*PageSize ISOB5/B5 (ISO): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=ISOB5"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=ISOB5: "size=isob5; "
*PageSize ISOB6/B6 (ISO): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=ISOB6"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=ISOB6: "size=isob6; "
*PageSize JISB5/B5 (JIS): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=JISB5"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=JISB5: "size=jisb5; "
*PageSize JISB6/B6 (JIS): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=JISB6"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=JISB6: "size=jisb6; "
*PageSize Legal/Legal: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=Legal"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting PageSize=Legal: "size=legal; "
*CloseUI: *PageSize

*OpenUI *PageRegion: PickOne
*OrderDependency: 100 AnySetup *PageRegion
*DefaultPageRegion: Letter
*PageRegion Letter/US Letter: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=Letter"
*PageRegion A4/A4: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=A4"
*PageRegion A5/A5: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=A5"
*PageRegion A6/A6: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=A6"
*PageRegion C5/C5: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=C5"
*PageRegion C6/C6: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=C6"
*PageRegion FLSA/Foolscap A: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=FLSA"
*PageRegion FLSE/Foolscap E: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=FLSE"
*PageRegion HalfLetter/Half Letter: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=HalfLetter"
*PageRegion ISOB5/B5 (ISO): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=ISOB5"
*PageRegion ISOB6/B6 (ISO): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=ISOB6"
*PageRegion JISB5/B5 (JIS): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=JISB5"
*PageRegion JISB6/B6 (JIS): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=JISB6"
*PageRegion Legal/Legal: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: PageSize=Legal"
*CloseUI: *PageRegion

*DefaultImageableArea: Letter
*ImageableArea Letter/US Letter: "0 0 612 792"
*ImageableArea A4/A4: "0 0 595 842"
*ImageableArea A5/A5: "0 0 420 595"
*ImageableArea A6/A6: "0 0 297 420"
*ImageableArea C5/C5: "0 0 459 649"
*ImageableArea C6/C6: "0 0 323 459"
*ImageableArea FLSA/Foolscap A: "0 0 612 936"
*ImageableArea FLSE/Foolscap E: "0 0 648 936"
*ImageableArea HalfLetter/Half Letter: "0 0 396 612"
*ImageableArea ISOB5/B5 (ISO): "0 0 498 708"
*ImageableArea ISOB6/B6 (ISO): "0 0 354 498"
*ImageableArea JISB5/B5 (JIS): "0 0 518 727"
*ImageableArea JISB6/B6 (JIS): "0 0 362 518"
*ImageableArea Legal/Legal: "0 0 612 1008"

*DefaultPaperDimension: Letter
*PaperDimension Letter/US Letter: "612 792"
*PaperDimension A4/A4: "595 842"
*PaperDimension A5/A5: "420 595"
*PaperDimension A6/A6: "297 420"
*PaperDimension C5/C5: "459 649"
*PaperDimension C6/C6: "323 459"
*PaperDimension FLSA/Foolscap A: "612 936"
*PaperDimension FLSE/Foolscap E: "648 936"
*PaperDimension HalfLetter/Half Letter: "396 612"
*PaperDimension ISOB5/B5 (ISO): "498 708"
*PaperDimension ISOB6/B6 (ISO): "354 498"
*PaperDimension JISB5/B5 (JIS): "518 727"
*PaperDimension JISB6/B6 (JIS): "362 518"
*PaperDimension Legal/Legal: "612 1008"

*OpenUI *InkType/Ink Type: PickOne
*FoomaticRIPOption InkType: enum CmdLine B
*OrderDependency: 100 AnySetup *InkType
*DefaultInkType: CMYK
*InkType CMY/3-ink color (Color ink cartridge): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: InkType=CMY"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting InkType=CMY: " mode=cmy"
*InkType CMYK/4-ink color (Both ink cartridges): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: InkType=CMYK"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting InkType=CMYK: " mode=cmyk"
*InkType Grayscale/Grayscale (Black ink cartridge): "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: InkType=Grayscale"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting InkType=Grayscale: " mode=k"
*CloseUI: *InkType

*CloseGroup: General

*OpenGroup: PrintoutMode/Printout Mode

*OpenUI *Resolution/Resolution: PickOne
*FoomaticRIPOption Resolution: enum CmdLine D
*OrderDependency: 110 AnySetup *Resolution
*DefaultResolution: FromPrintoutMode
*Resolution FromPrintoutMode/Controlled by 'Printout Mode': "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Resolution=@PrintoutMode"
*Resolution 300x600dpi/300x600 DPI: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Resolution=300x600dpi"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting Resolution=300x600dpi: "hdpi=300; "
*Resolution 600x600dpi/600x600 DPI: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Resolution=600x600dpi"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting Resolution=600x600dpi: "hdpi=600; "
*Resolution 1200x600dpi/1200x600 DPI: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Resolution=1200x600dpi"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting Resolution=1200x600dpi: "hdpi=1200; "
*CloseUI: *Resolution

*OpenUI *Bidirectional/Bidirectional Printing: PickOne
*FoomaticRIPOption Bidirectional: enum CmdLine B
*OrderDependency: 110 AnySetup *Bidirectional
*DefaultBidirectional: FromPrintoutMode
*Bidirectional FromPrintoutMode/Controlled by 'Printout Mode': "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Bidirectional=@PrintoutMode"
*Bidirectional No/No: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Bidirectional=No"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting Bidirectional=No: " bidi=0"
*Bidirectional Yes/Yes: "%% FoomaticRIPOptionSetting: Bidirectional=Yes"
*FoomaticRIPOptionSetting Bidirectional=Yes: " bidi=1"
*CloseUI: *Bidirectional

*CloseGroup: PrintoutMode


*% Generic boilerplate PPD stuff as standard PostScript fonts and so on

*DefaultFont: Courier
*Font AvantGarde-Book: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font AvantGarde-BookOblique: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font AvantGarde-Demi: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font AvantGarde-DemiOblique: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Bookman-Demi: Standard "(001.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Bookman-DemiItalic: Standard "(001.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Bookman-Light: Standard "(001.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Bookman-LightItalic: Standard "(001.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Courier: Standard "(002.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Courier-Bold: Standard "(002.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Courier-BoldOblique: Standard "(002.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Courier-Oblique: Standard "(002.004S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-Bold: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-BoldOblique: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-Narrow: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-Narrow-Bold: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font Helvetica-Oblique: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font NewCenturySchlbk-Bold: Standard "(001.009S)" Standard ROM
*Font NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font NewCenturySchlbk-Italic: Standard "(001.006S)" Standard ROM
*Font NewCenturySchlbk-Roman: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Palatino-Bold: Standard "(001.005S)" Standard ROM
*Font Palatino-BoldItalic: Standard "(001.005S)" Standard ROM
*Font Palatino-Italic: Standard "(001.005S)" Standard ROM
*Font Palatino-Roman: Standard "(001.005S)" Standard ROM
*Font Symbol: Special "(001.007S)" Special ROM
*Font Times-Bold: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Times-BoldItalic: Standard "(001.009S)" Standard ROM
*Font Times-Italic: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font Times-Roman: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font ZapfChancery-MediumItalic: Standard "(001.007S)" Standard ROM
*Font ZapfDingbats: Special "(001.004S)" Standard ROM

Thanks folks

Make sure you have foomatic installed;
apt-cache search foomatic
Did you select the Lexmark Z42 printer driver? EDIT That is the right one;

apt-cache search foomatic returns these packages:

foomatic-db-engine - linuxprinting.org printer support - programs
foomatic-db-hpijs - linuxprinting.org printer support - database for HPIJS printers
foomatic-db - linuxprinting.org printer support - database
foomatic-filters-ppds - linuxprinting.org printer support - prebuilt PPD files
foomatic-filters - linuxprinting.org printer support - filters
foomatic-db-gimp-print - linuxprinting.org printer support - database for Gimp-Print printer drivers
hpijs - HP Linux Printing and Imaging - gs IJS driver (hpijs)
cupsomatic-ppd - linuxprinting.org printer support - transition package
foo2zjs - Support for printing to ZjStream-based printers
foomatic-bin - linuxprinting.org printer support - transition package
foomatic-gui - GNOME interface for configuring the Foomatic printer filter system
printconf - Automatically configures USB and parallel printers with CUPS
python-foomatic - Python interface to the Foomatic printer database

and yes, I selected the z42 driver when adding printer.

Looks like gimp-print has a driver for it;
http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/
apt-cache search gimp-print
install gimp-print and the foomatic stuff then go back and see if some other drivers show up and if it still won't work try this again;
Also If you have no idea why your printer does not function, you might get a clue by looking at /var/log/cups/error_log. There may be a permission error, probably due to a wrong Allow setting in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.
But that should be OK if you are printing from your local machine ...

apt-get install foomatic-db-gimp-print
that should pull in everything you need

The newest version of foomatic-db-gimp-print is already installed. I believe you are correct about the permissions thing. If you look at the original post I included some of the error log which does seem to indicate that there is a permissions problem with /dev/lp0. Can you see anything in the error log entries that I posted that could help me?

Thanks comprookie200 for helping me.

I just now went to localhost:631 --> Do Administrative Tasks --> Manage Printers and the following was displayed about the local printer I'm trying to get to work.

Printer

Default Destination: Compaqlj1200

Compaqlj1200 Compaq IJ1200 Foomatic/drv_z42 (recommended)
Description: COMPAQ IJ1200 drv_z42
Location:
Printer State: processing, accepting jobs.
"Unable to open parallel port device file "/dev/lp0": Permission denied"
Device URI: parallel:/dev/lp0

It says right there on the page that the parallel port can't be opened because of permissions. Here's the perms on the device:

nafpd@ubuntu:/dev$ ls -l lp0
crw-rw---- 1 root lp 6, 0 2005-09-16 06:56 lp0

Should root be the owner or lpadmin?

I don't know why that would be, check /etc/cups/cupsd.conf and everything should be commented out # except;
## Restrict access to local domain
Order Deny,Allow
Deny From All
Allow From 127.0.0.1
Go to localhost:631 and log in admin mode and see if you can print a test page or log in as root and try to print. We need to narrow down what is wrong. Also check the logs and post if something looks odd. We should be able to get it to work. It wouldn't hurt to restart cups. I don't use Kubuntu so some of the file locations may be different, also they use that sudo stuff that I don't know very much about.
and no problem I want to get it printing also. When I first started with linux I had a heck of a time getting a lexmarkZ25 to work(with the help of these forums) so I know your pain.

Looks like it may be udev;
http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubu...ne/040570.html

O.K., I've looked at the cupsd.conf file and there is quite a bit of stuff that is not commented out so what should I do? I don't want to paste it in the thread because it's 800+ lines. Would it help if you looked at it? When I go to localhost:631 I can "Do Administrative Tasks" and "Manage Printers" without logging in but if I try to cancel a print job I get prompted for a username/password for Cups which I cannot successfully supply. I've read that root/root password is what is need but It won't accept it.

I tried printing a test page from localhost:631but nothing happened. I can see several print jobs in the que but nothing printing. How do I restart cups? I checked the error log and nothing stands out. I googled the "Unable to open parallel port device file "/dev/lp0": Permission denied" error and found several threads but no fix. I'm getting a strong feeling that this is the whole problem. The print jobs are spooled and waiting in the que but nothing gets sent to the printer because the port can't be opened.

I wont be able to get back to this until tomorrow morning. Thanks for all the help.

Now I think we're beginning to get somewhere. I chown lp:lp lp0 and restarted the system. This had no effect so I edited the udev.permissions file as described in your last post. This seems to have taken care of the permissions problem on the parallel port. Hooray and all that. The only problem is that I still can't print. Same symptoms as before, no output but jobs are waiting in the que, but now I don't have the permissions error about lp0. I think we're on the right track. I went to the control center --> peripherals --> printers and tried to restart cups but I got this error about permissions and now cups is not running and I can't seem to restart it. I'll have to reboot I guess and see if it starts up. I can't find the scripts that restart, start and stop the server. I've attached the tail of the error log. There still seems to be some sort of permissions problem. Look at the last line.

I [18/Sep/2005:10:59:10 -0500] Job 12 queued on 'Compaqlj1200' by ''.
I [18/Sep/2005:10:59:10 -0500] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/pstops (PID 6
657) for job 12.
I [18/Sep/2005:10:59:10 -0500] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/foomatic-rip
(PID 6658) for job 12.
I [18/Sep/2005:10:59:10 -0500] Started backend /usr/lib/cups/backend/parallel (P
ID 6659) for job 12.
E [18/Sep/2005:10:59:12 -0500] PID 6658 stopped with status 1!
I [18/Sep/2005:10:59:12 -0500] Hint: Try setting the LogLevel to "debug" to find
out more.
I [18/Sep/2005:10:59:14 -0500] Started "/usr/lib/cups/cgi-bin/printers.cgi" (pid
=6666)
I [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] Installing config file "/etc/cups/cupsd.conf"...
D [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] AddLocation: added location 'CUPS_INTERNAL_BROWSE
_ACL'
I [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] Loaded configuration file "/etc/cups/cupsd.conf"
I [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] Configured for up to 100 clients.
I [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] Allowing up to 100 client connections per host.
I [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] Partial reload complete.
D [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] StartListening: NumListeners=1
D [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] StartListening: address=7f000001 port=631
E [18/Sep/2005:11:00:31 -0500] StartListening: Unable to bind socket for address
7f000001:631 - Permission denied.

I think we may get this yet. Thanks for all the help.