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Please don't use Kali if you don't know much about Linux. By your own admission, you're very new to it, so use a distro that is designed for newbies like one of the Ubuntu variants or Mint.
Boot into Windows and download an installation image of one of the above distros. Burn it to disc or copy it to a memory stick and boot from it. It will run a live Linux session and you will be able to copy any data from the hard drive that you wish to save. Then install the new distro and forget about Kali.
/etc/inittab is a thing of the past. The newer systemd stuff does things completely different. Where you used to use run levels to pick a desired operational mode. Now you use targets. The old way being sysv.
$ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Is the rough equivalent of run level 3 (no gui)
$ sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
Is the rough equivalent of run level 5 (with gui)
YMMV.
If you have any bootable linux, you can mount other things. With linux it's basically everything is a file on a filesystem. So your data is not lost if you don't mess with it. Now there's encrypted filesystems that can make things very lose-able if you don't have the key or know what to do with them. But at the end of the day it's all files on a filesystem.
Kali isn't exactly beginner grade linux. Probably not a good starting point.
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