I've heard that there are some version of google actually for use on a LAN. D'nt know if that is for web pages or files as well.
Normally there are a cronjob (scheduled task) running on linux that run updatedb which searches through all files on the drive and makes a search index, only file names though.
You search this index with the locate command.
No more slow file name searches like in windows
Now you find file names within 5 seconds.
(I have never figured out what that indexing service do in windows but slow the machine down with another process to run.)
I don't know of any more in depth indexing commands. There are for sure lots of them, so I will keep my eye on this thread for answers