[SOLVED] emDebian on mini2440 + problem to get a root shell

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 09:01 AM

Hi everybody,

I have installed emDebian on the mini2440 board according to this wiki :

http://code.google.com/p/mini2440/wiki/Emdebian

It works well with rootFS on the SD card but my aim is to get the rootfs in the nand. I did the following :

Code:

sh-3.2# echo ttySAC0 >>etc/securetty
sh-3.2# printf "T0:123:respawn:/sbin/getty 115200 ttySAC0\n >>etc/inittab"
sh-3.2# printf "auto eth0\niface eth0 inet dhcp\n" >>etc/network/interfaces
sh-3.2# sync

Then I reboot and I get:

Code:

Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 minideb ttySAC0
minideb login :

This is a problem, there is no user defined and according to some websites I should get a root shell instead the login procedure

I should do the following but I need to be root :

Code:

mini2440:# flash_eraseall -j /dev/mtd3   
mini2440:# mount -t jffs2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/fl   
mini2440:# cd /mnt/fl   
mini2440:# tar -jxf /root/emdebian-grip-090306-armel-lenny-installed.tar.bz2   
mini2440:# umount /mnt/fl   
mini2440:# reboot

I am desesperated ...

Thank you a lot everybody

jeremy

kostap · 03-03-2011, 01:26 PM

Jeremy,
Please post here the output of "printenv" command of your u-boot.
Thanks
Konstantin

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 01:32 PM

this is the ouput of printenv :

Code:

MINI2440 # printenv
bootcmd=
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27
usbtty=cdc_acm
mini2440=mini2440=0tb
bootargs_base=console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd
bootargs_init=init=/sbin/init
root_nand=root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
root_mmc=root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootdelay=2
root_nfs=/mnt/nfs
set_root_nfs=setenv root_nfs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${root_nfs}
ifconfig_static=run setenv ifconfig ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}::${netmask}:mini2440:eth0
ifconfig_dhcp=run setenv ifconfig ip=dhcp
ifconfig=ip=dhcp
set_bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_mmc}
set_bootargs_nand=setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nand}
set_bootargs_nfs=run set_root_nfs; setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nfs} ${ifconfig}
mtdids=nand0=mini2440-nand
mtdparts=mtdparts=mini2440-nand:0x00040000(u-boot),0x00020000(u-boot_env),0x00500000(kernel),0x0faa0000(rootfs)
ipaddr=192.168.1.77
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.1.39
bootargs=console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootdelay=4 rw mini2440=3tb
partition=nand0,0
mtddevnum=0
mtddevname=u-boot

kostap · 03-03-2011, 01:56 PM

Your "bootcmd" is empty, which is strange...
Have you succeeded to run the system from SD card? I understand that you passed the second stage install step described in the HOWTO, then installed udev, but not fixed the serial device name from ttySAC0 to s3c2410_serial0?
Have you tried to add init=/bin/sh to your kernel parameters string for going into single user mode?

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 02:06 PM

this is the ouput after booting :

Code:

INIT: Entering runlevel: 2
Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.
Starting periodic command scheduler: crond.

Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 minideb ttySAC0

minideb login:

I've noticed that during booting there is this message :

Code:

.udev/ already exists on the static /dev! (warning).

do u know what does it mean ?

I tried to change but during the boot sequence it stops to display characters

kostap · 03-03-2011, 02:17 PM

OK, so you are booting to multi-user environment. However I still do not understand how since your bootcmd is empty. You should force the system to boot into single-user mode. For doing that you have to add "init=/dev/sh" (instead of init=/sbin/init) to the kernel command line, let's said after root=/dev/mmcblk0p2. Then you will fall into the root prompt without login.

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 02:36 PM

hmm I've got the same output :

Code:

INIT: Entering runlevel: 2
Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.
Starting periodic command scheduler: crond.

Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 minideb ttySAC0
minideb login :

I've a suggestion, does something need to be modify in the file /etc/fstab ?

sorry after booting with the option 'init=/bin/sh' I am in the shell prompt

Code:

EXT3-fs warning: maximal mount count reached, running e2fsck is recommended
EXT3 FS on mmcblk0p1, internal journal
EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with writeback data mode.
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:1.
Freeing init memory: 136K
sh-3.2#

kostap · 03-03-2011, 02:48 PM

What did you change in your configuration? Was it bootargs_init?
Please check the real kernel parameters string, it's printed at the beginning of the boot messages block. What do you see here? If you cannot find it, just copy and paste here all the messages you got after "loading Linux kernel" until the login prompt.
How do you start your system from the u-boot prompt? Which commands do you type for booting Linux?
/etc/fstab is dealing with filesystems mount. I think at this stage you shouldn't worry about it.

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 02:56 PM

I did this :

Code:

MINI2440 # setenv bootargs 'console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootdelay=4 rw mini2440=3tb init=/bin/sh'

and I got this :

Code:

Linux version 2.6.32-rc8 (aergy@aergy-Latitude-D610) (gcc version 4.3.5 (Debian 4.3.5-4) ) #1 Sat Feb 26 13:06:39 CET 2011
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0003177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: MINI2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootdelay=4 rw mini2440=3tb init=/bin/sh
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 60608KB available (3652K code, 388K data, 136K init, 0K highmem)
SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing pending status 02000000
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 201.93 BogoMIPS (lpj=504832)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
MINI2440: Option string mini2440=3tb
MINI2440: LCD 0:240x320 1:800x480 2:1024x768 [3:240x320] 4:640x480
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
S3C24XX CPU Frequency driver, s3c244x cpu support
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) �© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 118
alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 60x53
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
at24 0-0050: 1024 byte 24c08 EEPROM (writable)
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=1, 9ns Twrph0=3 29ns, Twrph1=2 19ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "u-boot"
0x000000040000-0x000000060000 : "u-boot-env"
0x000000060000-0x000000560000 : "kernel"
0x000000560000-0x000010000000 : "root"
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31
eth0: dm9000e at c4860300,c4864304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27 (chip)
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
s3c2440-ts s3c2440-ts: Starting
  Created group ts filter len 12 depth 2 close 10 thresh 6
  Created Median ts filter len 20 depth 2 dec 24
  Created Mean ts filter len 4 depth 2 thresh 65535
  Created Linear ts filter depth 2
s3c2440-ts s3c2440-ts: 4 filter(s) initialized
s3c2440-ts s3c2440-ts: successfully loaded
input: s3c2410 TouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input1
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
cpuidle: using governor ladder
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down.
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: mmc0 - using pio, sw SDIO IRQ
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 0kHz (requested: 0kHz).
Registered led device: led1
Registered led device: led2
Registered led device: led3
Registered led device: led4
Registered led device: backlight
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
usbcore: registered new interface driver hiddev
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.21.
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
No device for DAI UDA134X
No device for DAI s3c24xx-i2s
S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
UDA134X SoC Audio Codec
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
asoc: UDA134X <-> s3c24xx-i2s mapping ok
ALSA device list:
  #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X (UDA134X)
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2005-06-22 18:39:17 UTC (1119465557)
Waiting 4sec before mounting root device...
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 398kHz (requested: 400kHz).
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 16875kHz (requested: 25000kHz).
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: running at 16875kHz (requested: 25000kHz).
mmc0: new SD card at address c19e
mmcblk0: mmc0:c19e SD02G 1.83 GiB 
 mmcblk0: p1
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs warning: maximal mount count reached, running e2fsck is recommended
EXT3 FS on mmcblk0p1, internal journal
EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with writeback data mode.
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:1.
Freeing init memory: 136K
sh-3.2#

I started with :

Code:

MINI2440 # nboot.e kernel

Loading from NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit, offset 0x60000
   Image Name:   linux-2.6
   Created:      2011-02-26  12:18:02 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    4142048 Bytes =  4 MB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008000
MINI2440 # bootm
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.6
   Created:      2011-02-26  12:18:02 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    4142048 Bytes =  4 MB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

and printenv was :

Code:

MINI2440 # printenv         
bootcmd=
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27
usbtty=cdc_acm
mini2440=mini2440=0tb
bootargs_base=console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd
bootargs_init=init=/sbin/init
root_nand=root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
root_mmc=root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootdelay=2
root_nfs=/mnt/nfs
set_root_nfs=setenv root_nfs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${root_nfs}
ifconfig_static=run setenv ifconfig ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}::${netmask}:mini2440:eth0
ifconfig_dhcp=run setenv ifconfig ip=dhcp
ifconfig=ip=dhcp
set_bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_mmc}
set_bootargs_nand=setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nand}
set_bootargs_nfs=run set_root_nfs; setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nfs} ${ifconfig}
mtdids=nand0=mini2440-nand
mtdparts=mtdparts=mini2440-nand:0x00040000(u-boot),0x00020000(u-boot_env),0x00500000(kernel),0x0faa0000(rootfs)
ipaddr=192.168.1.77
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.1.39
bootargs=console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootdelay=4 rw mini2440=3tb init=/bin/sh
partition=nand0,0
mtddevnum=0
mtddevname=u-boot

Environment size: 1151/131068 bytes

kostap · 03-03-2011, 03:24 PM

So now you have the root shell prompt without any password, right? You can change the root password using "passwd" command or by editing /etc/shadow file.
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questi...ssword-394236/
When you did that, replace your init= parameter with the original one and you are done!

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 03:43 PM

ok so I changed the password in the shell prompt it's worked fine.

Then when I restart with "defaults" options like this :

Code:

MINI2440 # printenv
bootcmd=
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27
usbtty=cdc_acm
mini2440=mini2440=0tb
bootargs_base=console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd
bootargs_init=init=/sbin/init
root_nand=root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
root_mmc=root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootdelay=2
root_nfs=/mnt/nfs
set_root_nfs=setenv root_nfs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${root_nfs}
ifconfig_static=run setenv ifconfig ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}::${netmask}:mini2440:eth0
ifconfig_dhcp=run setenv ifconfig ip=dhcp
ifconfig=ip=dhcp
set_bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_mmc}
set_bootargs_nand=setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nand}
set_bootargs_nfs=run set_root_nfs; setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nfs} ${ifconfig}
mtdids=nand0=mini2440-nand
mtdparts=mtdparts=mini2440-nand:0x00040000(u-boot),0x00020000(u-boot_env),0x00500000(kernel),0x0faa0000(rootfs)
ipaddr=192.168.1.77
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.1.39
bootargs=console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootdelay=4 rw mini2440=3tb
partition=nand0,0
mtddevnum=0
mtddevname=u-boot

I got still this :

Code:

INIT: Entering runlevel: 2
Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.
Starting periodic command scheduler: crond.

Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 minideb ttySAC0

minideb login:

but with root user I get :

Code:

INIT: Entering runlevel: 2
Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.
Starting periodic command scheduler: crond.

Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 minideb ttySAC0

minideb login: root

Login incorrect
minideb login:

so I added user named jeremy (when i was in the shell prompt)
and I can log in :

Code:

minideb login: jeremy
Password: 
Last login: Thu Mar  3 19:20:06 UTC 2011 on ttySAC0
Linux minideb 2.6.32-rc8 #1 Sat Feb 26 13:06:39 CET 2011 armv4tl

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
jeremy@minideb:~$

then I can do this :

Code:

jeremy@minideb:~$ cd /mnt/fl/
jeremy@minideb:/mnt/fl$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                  30M     0   30M   0% /lib/init/rw
udev                   10M  1.6M  8.5M  16% /dev
tmpfs                  30M     0   30M   0% /dev/shm
rootfs                1.9G  219M  1.5G  13% /
/dev/mtdblock3        251M  5.7M  245M   3% /mnt/fl

so everthing seems ok but to copie the contents of / to /mnt/fl with this command :

Code:

jeremy@minideb:/mnt/fl$ cp -r / /mnt/fl

I get :

Code:

cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/etc': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/media': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/selinux': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/sbin': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/sys': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/dev': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/tmp': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/opt': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/bin': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/lost+found': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/home': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/proc': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/boot': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/usr': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/var': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/mnt': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/root': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/srv': Permission denied
cp: cannot create directory `/mnt/fl/lib': Permission denied

so I need to be root ? or tu use sudo ?

kostap · 03-03-2011, 03:56 PM

when you logged as jeremy, can you switch to super user using "su -" command (with yout root password)? I am not sure you are listed in /etc/sudoers file, so you may not use "sudo" command now. If you can gain root access rights, you can add yourself to "sudoers" list for future usage.
And yes, for copying root directory you should be root. I would copy / using tar command.

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 04:01 PM

this is what I get :

Code:

jeremy@minideb:~$ su -
Password: 
initgroups: Operation not permitted

and about sudo I tried but as u said i can't use it:

Code:

jeremy@minideb:/$ sudo cp -r /mnt/fl/
-sh: sudo: command not found

kostap · 03-03-2011, 04:15 PM

I never saw such error in the past. Try to google for "initgroups: Operation not permitted". Don't try "sudo" now, you should install and configure it first. It's impossible until you get into the root user issue.

jerem02 · 03-03-2011, 04:19 PM

ok thank you very much for ur help the end is close

I will try tomorrow, I let you sleep now. If I pass I'll tell you here

thanks again