Hello, I'm starting studies with container.

I would like to understand how the use of dynamic libraries (shared objects) of the docker works. When the container runs an Ubuntu image equivalent to the host machine's version, will it use the same libraries? Is there any way to capture the libraries used by a specific container?

The app inside the container can only use so files from the container. Cannot access anything from outside.

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Some containers are built to expose access to the host system's library directories through the use of controlled links. Others are built to put copies of the libraries that are needed by the container directly in a filesystem that is particular to that container ... so that the container's definition is self-contained. You can do it either way.

In either case, "the container's occupants see only the perfect illusion that you have created for them." They perceive a "file system" that contains exactly what you've put there, and they have no idea where its contents actually come from. (Nor do they [have to ...] care.) They do not see the host at all – only the illusion, which is enough.