The Compaq's Athlon CPU lacks SSE2 instructions that many apps and operating systems require. This recurring requirement is getting harder and harder for developers to workaround, in part because so few Athlon users remain, and even fewer developers care to try to deal with so slow a hardware class. It's a variant of the proverbial chicken and egg problem, little to no Athlon-specific testing. It may be that there no longer exist any web browsers that do not require SSE2. I retired the last of my working Athlon PCs last year.
If you want to keep trying, make sure Stretch isn't trying to boot using something that depends on SSE2, possibly Plymouth or the GDM or LightDM login greeter.
I suggest you'll likely be better off trying AntiX, Puppy or some other ultra-lightweight distro intended for ancient hardware, unless you find their hardware requirements exclude non-SSE2 hardware such as Athlon.
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