I get the same problem from time to time on my laptop using a Quadro. I had no problems when I was running the old kde 3.5 packages, but any version of 4.5 I've tried gives me these sporadic cpu spikes that cause the entire system to lag. The most interesting thing is that when this problem shows up, there are web pages in firefox that will trigger the spike, but only when visible on-screen (as in switching to another tab will hide the problem). Scrolling through a document in openoffice (or libreoffice) will cause the same cpu spike. The CPU spike is always in the X process, not in whatever application is triggering the issue.
Similar thread on nvnews:
http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=156757
I've tried disabling kwin effects, but then I get tons of rendering artifacts and weird behavior. The best settings I've found so far:
Desktop Effects settings -> Advanced Tab ->
Compositing Type: OpenGL
Disable functionality checks: off
OpenGL mode: Shared Memory
Texture Filter: Nearest (fastest)
Enable Direct rendering: on
Use Vsync: off
I don't get the outright cpu spikes now, but still occasionally get kwin lags of a half second or so when switching windows (but usually ok).
OFF TOPIC: for all the people asking what kde 4 is missing compared to 3.5... it completely lacks any sense of robustness. Kwin, the window manager, can't manage windows unless you have the same hardware and eye-candy setup as the devs. I CAN'T get it to "just work" with any combination of settings. 4.5 has gotten to the point where it's usually usable enough, but I'm hoping that 4.6 or 4.7 will finally reach a "great" level of usability (although all the talk about new OpenGL rendering makes me wonder if there has been any effort on non-eyecandy rendering...)