Installation and Method:
http://www.davideolianas.com/install...s-in-uefi.html
Post installation, I 'shutdown' and removed the arch-iso installation file from the virtual machine (VM). Then I 'started' the VM and grub bootloader asked for my password to unlock the encrypted container. After providing my password the container was successfully unlocked, but grub could not find the mount point to start the OS. I get this error:

ERROR: device ‘UUID=a31e9ee4-0483-4c9e-a99c-84894d5b9c5e’ not found. Skipping fsck.
mount: /new_root: can’t find UUID=a31e9ee4-….-….-….-…..
You are now being dropped into an emergency
shell.
sh: can’t access tty; job control turned off
[rootfs ]#

The device 'UUID=...etc' grub should have found is different to the 'UUID=a31e9ee4...etc' it was searching for, to suggest I may need to update '/etc/mkinitcpio.conf' with 'mkinitcpio -p linux.'
But first, how do I reintroduce the arch-iso installation file into the VM to make any edits/corrections to the installation without having to delete the whole installation and start all over again?

in addition to the link posted, did you also follow arch linux' beginner's guide and all relevant guides forking from that?

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Does "Press F12 to select boot device" appear at initial boot way before grub? If so, insert the archiso, boot your vbox install, then point to it when the F12 boot message appears, then do the normal chroot stuff.