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You could get the PID of the gzip, and issue a SIGSTOP to it (with kill -STOP), then sleep for a second, then issue a SIGCONT to it (with kill -CONT), then sleep for a second, then issue a SIGSTOP to it.......
That should effectively half your processor time. Adjust the sleeps to taste.
I don't know of any core utils which will control processor usage (except for nice). Most people like their computers to run as fast as possible, so it's not an oft-requested feature to slow down processes arbitrarily.
gzip usually doesn't eat up RAM (it allocates and deallocates quite small chunks as it goes along), so I wouldn't worry about that. (I just tried gzip'ing a 400MB file, and memory usage never went above 0.1% on a 512MB RAM machine).
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