Well, ARTS is a sound server. It enables multiple programs to output sound. E.S.D (enlightenment sound daemon) is another one but its not as common. If you use a program that does not output to the server and instead uses the device directly, then other programs (like firefox) can't play sound.
If you are using KDE, open the control center. Under "Sound & Multimedia" click "Sound System". Make sure that the box marked "enable sound system" (at the top) is checked. Then, whenever you use a program that plays sound, make sure you select the "arts" output plugin (most programs like Kaffiene, Amarok, Xine, Mplayer, XMMS etc will have an "arts" output plugin but how you enable it varies - just check the prefs for that program).
Aside, I am not sure how firefox outputs sound, its not a KDE app so it probably just uses the /dev/sound device directly. So, even if you use arts, you may not get sound if arts has still got a lock on the device. So try using Konqueror instead once you have set up ARTS properly as it uses ARTS natively (you may need to specify the plugin directory of the macromedia plugin in konqueror's settings).
I am also assuming that you have in fact installed the appropriate plugin correctly.
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