Update: I have been unable to get "cd-info" or any of the other test programs that come with libcdio to produce any meaningful information about the media. "cd-info" particularly is quite good and describing the drive, the media's track information, and so forth, but it has not specified anything about the medium's capacity.
I know that this is possible because K3b has a dialog which provides disc information; among other things, it lists the capacity of the medium. However, I am not sure I have the proficiency necessary to read K3b's source with any kind of speed. Hence, I post here.