The superblock s_state field essentially shows whether or not the filesystem was cleanly unmounted.
According to
man tune2fs:
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If you are using journaling on your filesystem, your filesystem will never be marked dirty.
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This is because journaling can usually recover a system that has been incorrectly shut down.
Also, the man entry states:
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Bad disk drives, cables, memory, and kernel bugs could all corrupt a filesystem without marking the filesystem dirty or in error.
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So, "clean" in this case does not mean that errors do not exist.
