Ubuntu divides the configuration files up to allow individually managed virtual hosts.
Updating the entry in ports.conf is correct. The rest of the configuration is moved from httpd.conf to apache.conf, and the individual sites are in sites-available and sites-enabled.
With a standard install the default entry which should appear in both of these (using a link) should be fine.
You should not have to worry about the "Could not determine the server's fully qualified domain name", that should not prevent the server from running. It is used so that Apache knows how to create fullyqualified internal links, but these are rarely needed.
The relevant error is "Address already in use", which appears to indicate that the port 8080 has already been used by another process.
To see if something is already running on that port run
Code:
$ sudo netstat -an --program | grep 8080
You may get a reply
Code:
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 18079/apache2
which shows that apache is running on that port.
If you find something else (e.g. a proxy server, or another application with a web configuration panel), then you will need to remove it, or change the port number that it uses.
You should then be able to start apache:
Code:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start
then point your web browser at
http://127.0.0.1:8080