I'm even more of a newbie than you are. I'm sorry to post such a probably-dense response. But I have found that if my computer isn't connected to the network when it boots, then it can't find the network if I plug it in (Ethernet). There is probably a way to make it look, but I don't know what it is. (If it's been on the network at bootup, and I disconnect the network, it finds it again okay if I plug the Ethernet cord back in.) So, my suggestion is, make sure the other computer is on when you boot linux--and make sure the other computer's Internet connection is up. I suggest this because it sounds to me like you're getting Internet this way:
Internet->XP Computer->(hub?)->linux computer
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