I have Debian Jessie with Lighdm GUI installed on USB. It works quite well on two of my computers (laptop and PC), but it cannot boot on my Intel NUC 5PGYHR.

NUC has it's own operating system (Windows 10). It starts normally, from BIOS options I choose my USB and there appears grub display (so far everything ok). I select Debian GNU/Linux from a list of operating systems and Debian starts - standard display is shown with "No cashing mode page found", etc. And then the screen blanks - there is only blinking underscore symbol. Now I can only do hard reboot.

The interesting thing is, it sometimes works. Usually after a few trials (turning NUC off and on again) Debian will randomly boot, but after restart the problem will repeat. I should also mention that in recovery mode system starts without problem.

I considered that the problem is with grub loader, but USB works just fine on other hardware. The other possibility is incompatibility with graphics card. In NUC it's Intel HD Graphics, but I'm not sure if there are drivers or something to make it work.

If anyone have any idea what is a solution, please share.

There is no Lighdm gui. There is LightDM display manager so I'll suppose thats what you are talking about. It is possible that your hardware requires firmware to work. So, is your USB persistent one, where whatever you do will be saved, or just live image? If it is persistent one, you can add contrib and non-free to your sources lists and then install firmware package required. If it is just live image, there are live images with firmware available for download.

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I'd look at bios to see how it views this usb. Does it show up as a hard drive choice?

Yes, USB is persistent one. And to answer the other question, it shows up in BIOS as hard drive.

I've found something named Intel Graphics Card Driver. On some forums there is advice to install it (package xserver-xorg-video-intel), however it is already installed on my system.

On the other hand, Debian wiki in GraphicsCard article says to try uninstalling xserver-xorg-video-intel and use builtin modesetting driver instead. I've removed it, but the problem remains. Tomorrow I'll try installing Intel's proprietary driver.

Wonder if it is an oddity of usb3. Are you booting to a yellow or blue usb port?

Buy a new 8-16 gig quality usb flash and try a regular install of Debian.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/quest...ge-during-boot