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Having trouble installing a piece of hardware? Want to know if that peripheral is compatible with Linux?
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Check your laptop manual to see if you are using one of the "pass-through" or "charging" USB sockets. Some manufacturers have USB ports on laptops that continually supply power (to allow you to charge phones etc, when the laptop is "asleep" or even "powered off") It may be the case that this is happening and your external disk thinks it's connected. Do you have a different USB 3 port to check?
I do not see anything that would indicate your drive still mounted. There may be listed devices that connected, but not mounted
Once you unmounted a drive, check it state by "mount" command. Will your drive be presented in "mount" command output?
Added:
Does umount command return? Or just hangs due to busy drive?
In that case, you should try upgrading it to at least 4.4.0-62 and see if that resolves the problem.
For info, I'm using 4.10.0-28 on Linux Mint 18.2 (installed through Mint's Update Manager) with no problems, although hardware does differ and so, if you are unlucky, your mileage may vary.
Look for autofs type things in your ps output and lsmod output. Some distros have that installed and active by default. It auto mounts your drives. Which is probably what is getting in the way. Otherwise you could use windows methodologies like shutting down to safely unmount the drive.
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