LFS most commonly refers to Linux From Scratch.
However I recall that LFS also meant the standard Linux file structure, meaning the types of files that go into each directory such as /etc and /bin and /usr etc. I tried to find corroborating documentation but it is scarcer than hen's teeth. Maybe it is just my dementia flaring up.
In any case it is possible to create a file system on a bare disk. I'm having trouble finding corroborating documentation there as well but I know that I've heard about it. Nevertheless it seems like a bad idea if the person doing it hopes to ask questions about the file system when they run into trouble. Imagine the confusion when the person asks a question and receives the standard instruction to post the result of fdisk -l.
LVM, the logical volume manager in Linux, can treat a bare disk the same way that Windows treats a dynamic volume. LVM can be useful to resize partitions that are already in use.
I also found documentation about Linux LDM, the logical disk manager in Linux. Evidently it is also used to create the same effect as Windows Dynamic Volumes. Here is the reference.
http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/ldm.txt
Anyway I will repeat that it seems like a bad idea for a newbie to create a file system on an unpartitioned disk.