You should be able to reboot your system by hitting the key combination Ctrl-Alt-Del (this action is set in /etc/inittab), or by using any of the following commands: "reboot", "shutdown -r now", "init 6", "telinit 6".
To halt your system, you can use one of these commands: "halt", "shutdown -h now", "init 0", "telinit 0".
For more info, you can check out the man pages for reboot, halt, shutdown, and init.
Notice that halt and poweroff are different shutdown actions -- Debian sets the default action in /etc/default/halt.
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