486 did not support any of the new CPU extension instructions such as MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 there may be other features as well.
MMX added 57 instructions (see
MMX).
SSE added 70 instructions (see
SSE).
SSE2 added 144 instructions
SSe3 added 13 instructions
Seems like a lot of instructions to give up or just leave dormant in the CPU when simply swapping out the kernel will allow the system to make use of those features.
to easily install a 686 kernel you can do an
apt-get install kernel-image-2.6-686 (note: it may be apt-get install linux-image-2.6-686 I don't have a system here to look at at the moment.. ) restart your system and you should have the 686 kernel installed, then you can use the config from that new kernel to start building your madwifi stuff..
Try using the Module assistant to install the madwif drivers.. might make things a bit easier on you..
http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/Distro/Debian