With the "-C" you're telling it to look for process command "systemd-udevd".
It correctly tells you that no such command exists. Your ps aux output confirms that as it also doesn't list "systemd-udevd".
You'd either need to test "-C" for what you do see which is only "udevd" and its argument "--daemon":
Code:
/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 1:3 -c 1:3 -u root -C udevd -a '--daemon'
-OR-
If systemd-udevd is supposed to be running, figure out why it isn't.
I don't have Debian but I do see on my RHEL7 server it is running systemd-udevd but doesn't have the arguments you specified:
root 588 0.0 0.0 44572 2312 ? Ss Jan19 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
However, on a RHEL6 system I instead see:
root 6151 1 0 2017 ? 00:00:24 /sbin/udevd -d
root 10034 6151 0 04:46 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 10037 6151 0 04:46 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd -d
For RHEL systemd was introduced in RHEL7. I suspect your Debian version is one that doesn't have systemd so "udevd --daemon" is appropriate for it.